沖(chong)(chong)壓加工根據材(cai)料的變形特點，可(ke)以(yi)把沖(chong)(chong)壓工序分為兩類，分離(li)和塑性(xing)變形兩種工序。

分(fen)(fen)離(li)過程(cheng)的(de)含義(yi)是：在外(wai)力作用下，金屬(shu)(shu)材料變(bian)形(xing)部分(fen)(fen)的(de)應力超過金屬(shu)(shu)材料本身的(de)強度(du)極限(xian)(xian)，板材斷裂將(jiang)其分(fen)(fen)離(li)。塑(su)性變(bian)形(xing)是指：在外(wai)力作用下，金屬(shu)(shu)材料變(bian)形(xing)部分(fen)(fen)的(de)應力超過材料本身的(de)屈服極限(xian)(xian)。當達到(dao)強度(du)極限(xian)(xian)時，它會產生塑(su)性變(bian)形(xing)，以獲得(de)一定的(de)形(xing)狀和尺寸。

沖(chong)壓加工中，沖(chong)壓變形還可以分為(wei)五種類(lei)型：立體(ti)壓制、彎曲、壓延、成型、沖(chong)裁。

沖壓三維擠壓變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)：是體積的(de)(de)重新分布(bu)和(he)金屬(shu)材料(liao)的(de)(de)轉移來(lai)改變(bian)(bian)坯(pi)料(liao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)高度和(he)厚度。彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)：指將(jiang)扁平材料(liao)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)零件(jian)，以改變(bian)(bian)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)零件(jian)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)。壓延變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)、扭曲(qu)(qu)等(deng)(deng)：壓延變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是將(jiang)扁平坯(pi)料(liao)沖壓成(cheng)所需的(de)(de)空心零件(jian)，空心零件(jian)的(de)(de)尺寸也(ye)可(ke)以改變(bian)(bian)。成(cheng)型(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)：利用局部性(xing)質的(de)(de)不(bu)同變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)來(lai)改變(bian)(bian)坯(pi)料(liao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)。屬(shu)于成(cheng)型(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)包(bao)括起伏(fu)成(cheng)型(xing)、車削、縮頸、脹形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、成(cheng)圓和(he)成(cheng)型(xing)。沖裁變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)：它不(bu)是封閉的(de)(de)，將(jiang)金屬(shu)材料(liao)的(de)(de)一(yi)部分與(yu)另一(yi)部分分開。這些(xie)方(fang)法(fa)包(bao)括下料(liao)、沖孔、切(qie)割、剖切(qie)、切(qie)割等(deng)(deng)。